Lesson 27: CIT
The Root
CIT comes from Latin citare, meaning "to call" or "to summon."
When you see this root in a word, think about calling something forward—whether it's calling someone to court, calling up an emotion, or calling on evidence to support an argument.
Word List
| Word | Parts | Definition |
|---|---|---|
| cite | CIT (call, summon) | to quote or reference a source; to summon to court |
| recite | CIT (call, summon) | to repeat from memory; to say aloud |
| excite | CIT (call, summon) | to stir up emotion or energy |
| incite | CIT (call, summon) | to stir up or provoke action, especially trouble |
| citation | CIT (call) + -ATION (act of) | a reference to a source; an official summons |
| recitation | CIT (call) + -ATION (act of) | the act of repeating something aloud from memory |
| excitement | CIT (call, summon) | a state of heightened emotion or activity |
| incitement | CIT (call, summon) | the act of provoking someone to action |
| solicit | SO- (variant of sub-, under) + LIC- (variant of CIT, from *licere*, to entice) | to ask for or seek to obtain something |
| resuscitate | RE- (again) + SU- (up from under) + CIT (call/stir) + -ATE | to revive someone from unconsciousness |
| elicit | E- (out) + LIC- (variant of CIT, to draw forth) | to draw out a response or bring forth information |
| implicit | IM- (in) + PLIC- (fold, related to CIT through calling in) | implied but not directly stated; called up without being said |
Practice 1: Multiple Choice
Choose the word that best completes each sentence.
- Make sure to __________ all your sources in the bibliography.
a) recite
b) cite
c) incite
d) excite
- The controversial speech threatened to __________ violence among the crowd.
a) cite
b) elicit
c) incite
d) recite
- The children were asked to __________ the Pledge of Allegiance each morning.
a) cite
b) recite
c) elicit
d) incite
- The detective's questions managed to __________ crucial information from the witness.
a) excite
b) recite
c) elicit
d) cite
- Paramedics worked to __________ the drowning victim at the scene.
a) solicit
b) incite
c) resuscitate
d) elicit
- The news of the victory __________ fans across the city.
a) incited
b) excited
c) recited
d) solicited
- Volunteers went door to door to __________ donations for the charity.
a) recite
b) cite
c) solicit
d) elicit
- He received a parking __________ for leaving his car in a no-parking zone.
a) recitation
b) citation
c) incitement
d) solicitation
- The contract has an __________ understanding that both parties will act in good faith.
a) excited
b) elicited
c) implicit
d) solicited
- The poetry __________ was the highlight of the school assembly.
a) citation
b) excitement
c) solicitation
d) recitation
- She was charged with __________ to riot after her inflammatory speech.
a) citation
b) excitement
c) incitement
d) recitation
- The __________ in the room was contagious as everyone awaited the announcement.
a) incitement
b) excitement
c) solicitation
d) citation
Practice 2: Fill in the Blank
Use each word from the word bank exactly once.
Word Bank: cite, recite, excite, incite, citation, recitation, excitement, incitement, solicit, resuscitate, elicit, implicit
Scholars must __________ their sources to support their arguments.
The politician was accused of __________ to violence.
Her smile was enough to __________ a sense of trust.
In MLA format, each __________ must include the author's name and page number.
The children's play managed to __________ the audience with their energy.
CPR training teaches people how to __________ someone in cardiac arrest.
The student had to __________ the poem from memory for extra credit.
The crowd's __________ grew as the concert was about to begin.
There was an __________ agreement between them—nothing had to be said.
Charities often __________ funds through mail campaigns.
His words seemed designed to __________ anger rather than calm the situation.
The annual poetry __________ attracted students from across the district.
Practice 3: Reading Passage
Dr. James Whitmore stood before the city council, preparing to cite evidence that would either save or destroy the proposed community center project. He knew his words could excite supporters or incite opponents—the stakes were high, and the room was already buzzing with nervous excitement.
He began with the data. "According to three independent studies," he said, carefully reciting each citation, "youth crime drops by sixteen percent in neighborhoods with fully funded community centers." He paused to let the implicit meaning sink in: support this project, or accept the consequences.
A council member interrupted. "You're just trying to solicit votes for your side," she accused. "This is incitement disguised as evidence."
Dr. Whitmore shook his head. "I'm not here to incite anything. I'm trying to elicit thoughtful consideration of the facts." His calm recitation of numbers continued, designed not to inflame but to inform.
By the end, the room was quiet. Whether his evidence had resuscitated support for the dying project remained to be seen. But he had done what he came to do: cite the facts, elicit attention, and let the implicit conclusion speak for itself.
Questions
- What does it mean to "cite evidence"?
a) To ignore facts
b) To reference sources that support an argument
c) To create false information
d) To hide the truth
- Dr. Whitmore wanted to "excite supporters" but not "incite opponents." What's the difference?
a) There is no difference
b) Excite means to energize positively; incite means to provoke conflict
c) Both are negative
d) Both are positive
- What does "implicit meaning" refer to in the passage?
a) Something stated loudly
b) Something understood without being directly said
c) A false statement
d) An excited reaction
- The council member accused Dr. Whitmore of trying to "solicit votes." This means:
a) To force votes
b) To seek or ask for votes
c) To count votes
d) To reject votes
- Had the evidence "resuscitated" the project?
a) Definitely yes
b) Definitely no
c) It was uncertain—the outcome was not yet known
d) The project had never been at risk
Answer Key
Practice 1: Multiple Choice
- b
- c
- b
- c
- c
- b
- c
- b
- c
- d
- c
- b
Practice 2: Fill in the Blank
- cite
- incitement
- elicit
- citation
- excite
- resuscitate
- recite
- excitement
- implicit
- solicit
- incite
- recitation
Reading Passage Questions
- b
- b
- b
- b
- c