Lesson 46

Lesson 46: CORD / CARDI


The Root

CORD and CARDI come from Latin cor/cordis and Greek kardia, both meaning "heart."

When you see these roots in a word, think about the heart—both the physical organ and the metaphorical center of emotion and agreement.


Word List

Word Parts Definition
cardiac CARDI (heart) + -AC (relating to) relating to the heart
cardiology CARDI (heart) + -OLOGY (study of) the study of the heart
cardiologist CARDI (heart) + -LOGIST (one who studies) a doctor who specializes in the heart
cordial CORDI (heart) + -AL (relating to) warm and heartfelt; friendly
accord AC- (to) + CORD (heart) agreement; harmony of hearts
discord DIS- (apart) + CORD (heart) disagreement; hearts in conflict
concord CON- (together) + CORD (heart) agreement; hearts coming together
record RE- (back, again) + CORD (heart) to set down; originally to pass through the heart again
courage COR (heart) + -AGE (quality of) bravery; heart-ness
encourage COR (heart) + -AGE (quality of) to give courage; to put heart into
discourage COR (heart) + -AGE (quality of) to take courage away; to remove heart
core COR (heart) the heart or center of something
cardiovascular CARDI (heart) + VASCUL (vessel) + -AR relating to the heart and blood vessels
electrocardiogram ELECTRO- (electric) + CARDI (heart) + -GRAM (recording) a recording of the heart's electrical activity

Practice 1: Multiple Choice

Choose the word that best completes each sentence.

  1. The patient was rushed to the __________ care unit after the heart attack.

a) cordial
b) cardiac
c) discord
d) core

  1. Her __________ greeting made everyone feel welcome.

a) discordant
b) cardiovascular
c) cordial
d) discouraged

  1. After hours of debate, the committee finally reached an __________.

a) discord
b) accord
c) encourage
d) electrocardiogram

  1. The doctor ordered an __________ to check the patient's heart rhythm.

a) encouragement
b) cardiovascular
c) electrocardiogram
d) cardiologist

  1. Political __________ threatened to break apart the coalition.

a) accord
b) concord
c) discord
d) courage

  1. Regular __________ exercise is essential for heart health.

a) cordial
b) cardiac
c) core
d) cardiovascular

  1. She showed great __________ in speaking up against injustice.

a) discord
b) courage
c) discouragement
d) accord

  1. Don't let failure __________ you from trying again.

a) encourage
b) record
c) discourage
d) accord

  1. The new agreement established lasting __________ between the groups.

a) discord
b) concord
c) discouragement
d) courage

  1. The __________ of the apple contains the seeds.

a) cord
b) accord
c) core
d) cardiac

  1. The __________ recommended a pacemaker for the patient.

a) cardiologist
b) cardiology
c) cardiovascular
d) electrocardiogram

  1. Teachers should __________ students to pursue their interests.

a) discord
b) discourage
c) record
d) encourage


Practice 2: Fill in the Blank

Use each word from the word bank exactly once.

Word Bank: cardiac, cardiology, cordial, accord, discord, concord, record, courage, encourage, discourage, core, cardiovascular

  1. The entire __________ department specializes in heart conditions.

  2. __________ arrest requires immediate CPR.

  3. The leaders signed a peace __________ ending the conflict.

  4. Daily runs improve __________ health.

  5. She found the __________ to face her fears.

  6. Family __________ made holiday dinners uncomfortable.

  7. We should __________ young people to follow their dreams.

  8. The nations lived in __________ for decades.

  9. His tone was __________ but professional.

  10. The scientist kept a detailed __________ of all experiments.

  11. Don't let criticism __________ you.

  12. The __________ issue is funding, not staffing.


Practice 3: Reading Passage

When Dr. Elena Reyes entered cardiology, she was driven by one memory: watching her father's electrocardiogram flatline, then spike back to life. The cardiac team had saved him. She would dedicate her life to doing the same for others.

Now, twenty years later, she led the hospital's cardiovascular unit. Her manner was cordial but direct. "I cannot discourage honesty in this department," she often said. "We must record every observation, no matter how small. Hearts don't forgive carelessness."

Her team worked in accord, despite occasional discord over treatment approaches. That was healthy, she believed. Concord without debate meant groupthink; she wanted courage, not compliance.

One morning, a young resident presented a difficult case. The patient's electrocardiogram showed irregular patterns. The cardiologist on call had recommended standard treatment, but something felt wrong to the resident.

"Trust your core instincts," Dr. Reyes encouraged. "What does your heart—medically and figuratively—tell you?"

The resident spoke up. The treatment was changed. The patient survived.

"Cardiology isn't just about the physical heart," Dr. Reyes told him afterward. "It's about having the courage to listen when something doesn't feel right. That's the real core of this work."

Questions

  1. Dr. Reyes entered "cardiology" because of her father's experience. Cardiology is:

a) The study of surgery
b) The study of the heart
c) The study of courage
d) The study of recording

  1. Her manner was "cordial." This means:

a) Cold and distant
b) Warm and friendly
c) Cardiac-related
d) Discouraging

  1. The team worked "in accord" despite occasional "discord." This means:

a) They never agreed
b) They generally agreed but sometimes disagreed
c) They always fought
d) They avoided all conflict

  1. Dr. Reyes valued "courage" over "compliance." She wanted:

a) People who quietly obeyed
b) People brave enough to speak up
c) People who caused discord
d) People who read electrocardiograms

  1. "The real core of this work" refers to:

a) The apple's center
b) The heart of what matters—trusting instincts
c) Physical cardiac tissue
d) Recording everything


Answer Key

Practice 1: Multiple Choice

  1. b
  2. c
  3. b
  4. c
  5. c
  6. d
  7. b
  8. c
  9. b
  10. c
  11. a
  12. d

Practice 2: Fill in the Blank

  1. cardiology
  2. Cardiac
  3. accord
  4. cardiovascular
  5. courage
  6. discord
  7. encourage
  8. concord
  9. cordial
  10. record
  11. discourage
  12. core

Reading Passage Questions

  1. b
  2. b
  3. b
  4. b
  5. b


Related Word Parts

Other roots, prefixes, and suffixes found in this lesson's vocabulary.

Word PartMeaningFound In
-ACrelating tocardiac
-AGEquality ofcourage
-ALrelating tocordial
-ARcardiovascular
-GRAMrecordingelectrocardiogram
-LOGISTone who studiescardiologist
-OLOGYstudy ofcardiology
AC-toaccord
CON-togetherconcord
CORheartcourage, core
COURAGEheart-nessencourage, discourage
DIS-apartdiscord, discourage
ELECTRO-electricelectrocardiogram
EN-put inencourage
RE-back, againrecord
VASCULvesselcardiovascular